Application of Banana peel and eggshell mediated biochar on Corn

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar derived from eggshells and banana peels on the growth, yield, and soil health in Zea mays (maize). A field experiment was conducted using six treatments, including TEB1 (eggshell biochar), TEB2 (banana peel biochar), TCC (positive control with NPK), and TCN (negative control with water only). Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, kernel rows per ear, and corn weight were recorded. In addition, soil health indicators—including pH, moisture content, water-holding capacity, ash content, and macro-nutrients (N, P, K)—were assessed. The chlorophyll content and proximate composition of harvested maize (ash, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate content) were also analysed. Results indicated that banana peel biochar (TEB2) significantly improved plant growth, root development, and soil aeration, outperforming eggshell biochar in several growth and yield metrics. These findings suggest that biochar, particularly from banana peels, is a promising organic amendment for improving maize productivity and soil quality. Further long-term studies are recommended to explore the sustained impacts of these treatments on agricultural sustainability.